This book explores benefit-sharing as a key concept in global environmental governance, focusing on how local communities experience and shape its implementation. Taking a bottom-up perspective, it examines case studies from South Africa, Namibia, Greece, Argentina, and Malaysia, highlighting how benefit-sharing is applied in areas such as agriculture, land access, wildlife management, and extractive industries. The book critically analyses how local voices influence international environmental agreements, particularly the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and discusses the broader implications for global civil society and deliberative democracy in environmental governance.