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This study examines the drivers, patterns, and socio-economic implications of urbanisation in Namibia since independence. The abolishment of apartheid-era movement restrictions accelerated rural–urban migration, leading to rapid growth in towns and cities—particularly Windhoek, Oshakati, and Ongwediva. Urbanisation has been driven largely by the search for employment, educational opportunities, improved services, and escape from climate-related pressures such as floods. While urbanisation offers benefits including access to modern technology, improved household services, remittances, and growth in commercial activities, it also presents significant challenges. Rapid population growth has placed pressure on housing, water, electricity, sanitation, transport, and health facilities, while high unemployment and expansion of informal settlements have increased vulnerability to poverty and disease. The study highlights both the opportunities and risks associated with urban growth and notes government and municipal strategies aimed at managing rapid urbanisation through land expansion, public‑private partnerships for housing, and rural development interventions. |
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