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This paper explores the evolution of the social economy of the Ovambo region during Namibia’s colonial era, highlighting how historical processes continue to shape contemporary socio‑economic structures and regional disparities. As Namibia enters its second year of independence, the enduring legacy of racial, ethnic, gender, and regional inequalities remains evident. The study examines the long‑term effects of long‑distance trade with Europeans, colonial administrative policies, and their cumulative impact on Ovambo social formations. Because literature on Namibia has historically focused on political and military aspects of the liberation struggle, socio‑economic analyses particularly with attention to regional differences remain limited. This paper provides an outline of key transformations in Ovambo’s social economy, offering a foundation for future research into the historical roots of present‑day disparities. |
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