https://digital.unam.edu.na/xmlui/handle/11070.1/21793 2026-04-08T22:58:10Z 2026-04-08T22:58:10Z Tapscott, C.P.G https://digital.unam.edu.na/xmlui/handle/11070.1/21843 2026-02-11T12:00:05Z 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z

The social economy of livestock production in Ovambo and Kavango Tapscott, C.P.G This report provides an overview of the social economy of the Ovambo and Kavango regions, home to over half of Namibia’s population. Despite their demographic significance, these northern regions have historically experienced severe economic and administrative neglect, resulting in limited development and pressure on natural resources. The study focuses particularly on livestock production and the broader livelihood systems of rural households. It highlights the scarcity of reliable data due to underdevelopment, the impact of the protracted liberation war on social organisation and household production systems, and the limitations of existing anthropological literature, much of which predates major socio‑economic changes. By examining environmental conditions, population patterns, and the effects of conflict and labour migration, the report outlines key structural challenges and transformations shaping contemporary livelihoods in Ovambo and Kavango.

1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Tapscott, Chris https://digital.unam.edu.na/xmlui/handle/11070.1/21842 2026-02-11T11:53:30Z 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Social economy of Oshakati and Ondangwa Tapscott, Chris This report provides an overview of the social economy of the Oshakati–Ondangwa area in northern Namibia, a region that is home to approximately 520,000 people 38% of the national population. Until the implementation of UN Resolution 435 in 1989, Ovamboland was the central battleground of the long‑running conflict between SWAPO guerillas and South African forces. The war, together with employment opportunities created by the occupying army, significantly influenced patterns of settlement, economic activity, and social organisation, contributing to the rapid growth of Oshakati and Ondangwa. Although the military presence initially stimulated certain sectors, economic growth was uneven and artificial. The withdrawals of South African forces and later UNTAG raised questions about the sustainability of the local economy. Drawing on baseline data collected by the Namibia Institute for Social and Economic Research (NISER), this report assesses current socio‑economic conditions and considers the region’s short‑ and long‑term development potential.

1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Fikeni, Somadoda https://digital.unam.edu.na/xmlui/handle/11070.1/21839 2026-02-11T11:31:59Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

The evolution of social economy in the Ovambo region during the colonial era Fikeni, Somadoda This paper explores the evolution of the social economy of the Ovambo region during Namibia’s colonial era, highlighting how historical processes continue to shape contemporary socio‑economic structures and regional disparities. As Namibia enters its second year of independence, the enduring legacy of racial, ethnic, gender, and regional inequalities remains evident. The study examines the long‑term effects of long‑distance trade with Europeans, colonial administrative policies, and their cumulative impact on Ovambo social formations. Because literature on Namibia has historically focused on political and military aspects of the liberation struggle, socio‑economic analyses particularly with attention to regional differences remain limited. This paper provides an outline of key transformations in Ovambo’s social economy, offering a foundation for future research into the historical roots of present‑day disparities.

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Humavindu, Michael Nokokure https://digital.unam.edu.na/xmlui/handle/11070.1/21838 2026-02-11T11:21:46Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Trophy hunting in the Namibian economy Humavindu, Michael Nokokure This paper presents an economic assessment of Namibia’s trophy hunting industry for the 2000 hunting season. Based on expenditure data and tourism sector assumptions, the study estimates that trophy hunting generated approximately US$11 million (N$80 million) in direct spending. Total direct expenditures are projected to reach between US$18–21 million (N$128–144 million). Gross value added is estimated at US$5.6 million (N$38 million), rising to US$8.7–9.8 million (N$60–67 million) when total expenditures are considered. The findings underscore the significant contribution of trophy hunting to Namibia’s tourism sector and the broader national economy.

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z