This study forms part of the Sustainable Livestock Production Programme (SLPP), a joint initiative between Namibia’s Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development and the German Government through GTZ, aligned with the SADCC Plan of Action for the Kalahari–Namib region. The SLPP aims to promote sustainable exploitation of natural resources, reduce human‑induced land degradation and desertification, and improve the livelihoods of rural communities. The programme initially focuses on Hereroland and Namaland, regions that differ environmentally but share similar dependence on renewable natural resources such as grazing, water, and woodland products. Despite widespread awareness of environmental degradation, communities often do not associate these challenges with unsustainable land‑use practices. Growing populations and prevailing beliefs that natural resources exist solely for human use further hinder sustainable management. This study contributes to a broader effort to understand resource use dynamics, support improved livestock management systems, and break the cycle of poverty and environmental decline in these semi‑arid regions.