This study examines the social, economic, and environmental implications of upgrading the Ogongo–Oshakati earth canal into a concrete water conveyance structure. The report highlights the complexity of water supply planning in the Owambo region, where water availability remains the most significant constraint to development. It emphasises that while improved water supply can bring substantial benefits to rural and urban communities including enhanced living standards and support for regional development poorly planned interventions risk creating long-term negative impacts. The assessment identifies critical systemic issues in the current water supply network, including unsustainable water sources, limited distribution capacity, ineffective supply strategies, and insufficient understanding of community and environmental needs. Central to these challenges is the absence of a coherent, region-wide water master plan. The report argues that the current crisis in Owamboland’s water system should serve as a catalyst for adopting a comprehensive, forward looking planning approach to ensure sustainable water provision and avoid detrimental consequences for the population and environment.