This study examines water and sanitation conditions in eastern Caprivi, focusing on household access to water sources, sanitation practices, and community awareness of hygiene and health. Based on 250 interviews conducted in August 1993 with households and community leaders, the report documents the diverse range of water sources in the region, including boreholes, wells, ponds, seasonal streams (mulapos), and rainwater. Despite this diversity, many households struggle to secure reliable, safe, and convenient water throughout the year, particularly during the dry season when women and children travel longer distances to collect water. Findings show that formal water infrastructure especially boreholes and jetted wells often contributes minimally to household water needs due to unreliability and limited local capacity for maintenance. Traditional dug wells, although widely used, present significant hygiene risks unless protected and upgraded. The study also reveals generally high awareness of the relationship between water quality, sanitation, and health. However, drinking water is rarely treated, even when sourced from stagnant water bodies, and the adoption of latrines remains low despite recognition of their health benefits. The report highlights opportunities for improved, low‑technology water solutions and targeted hygiene promotion.